The primary documented expressions of discrimination against women in the Canadian justice system manifest through systemic biases in sexual assault trials, the over-incarceration of Indigenous and racialized women, and the "under-protection" of vulnerable women fleeing gender-based violence. 

Decades of government studies, commissions, and legal reviews indicate that while Canada has progressive statutory frameworks, such as Sections 15 and 28 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the practical application of the law continues to produce deeply unequal outcomes.

Addressing these systemic inequities requires moving beyond statutory text and restructuring how the law is applied in practice.