To close the gaps and vulnerabilities typically identified in purely non-punitive, therapeutic frameworks; such as the risk of under-protecting victims of domestic and gender-based trauma, community leaders are building hybrid, multi-tiered protection frameworks.

This approach operationalizes international human rights instruments, which mandate that states ensure full protection for women and children against all forms of violence and discrimination.

By weaving these global human rights obligations into the transformative intent of non-violent, community-based models, jurisdictions can ground their interventions in the enforceable authority of administrative, criminal, and constitutional frameworks.